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Nuclear Power plant project Report

 General Layout of Nuclear Power Plant-

The Main components of a NUCLEAR POWER PLANT are :-

Nuclear Reactor

Heat Exchanger ( Steam Generator )

Steam Turbine

Generator

Steam Condenser

Cooling Tower

Coolent Pump

Basic components of Nuclear power plant are :-

Nuclear Reactor :- It is the heart of the nuclear power plant. In nuclear reactor, nuclear fission of radioactive material takes place. This generates large amount of heat energy. This heat is taken by the coolent circulating through the reactor core. After absorbing the heat, the coolent becomes hot.

Heat Exchanger ( Steam Generator ) :- The hot coolent coming from nuclear reactor flows through tubes of heat exchanger. In heat exchanger, hot coolent gives up heat to feed water so that it can be converted into steam. After giving up heat, the coolent is again pumped back to nuclear reactor.

Steam Turbine :- Steam produced in heat exchanger is expanded in steam turbine to produce mechanical energy.

Generator :- Output shaft of steam turbine is coupled to generator. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy i.e. electricity.

Condenser :- The exhaust steam leaving the steam turbine is passed through the condenser where it is cooled and condensed to water with the help of cooling water from cooling tower. This feed water is pumped back to heat exchanger with the help of feed water pump.

Nuclear Fuels :-

Natural Uranium U235

Uranium Isotope U238

Plutonium Pu239

Site Selection for NUCLEAR POWER PLANT :-

Availability of Water :- The plant should be nearer to sea, river or reservoir as it needs water for steam generation and condenser cooling.

Distance from Load Centre :- The plant should be located near the load centre to reduce power transmission losses.

Distance from Populated Area :- the plant should be located away from populated area to safeguard the people from hazardous radioactive radiations.

Waste Disposal :- The wastes of nuclear power plant are radioactive and hence there should be sufficient space near the plant site for waste disposal.

Safeguard against Earthquakes :- The site should be away from seismic zone.

Availability of Transport Facility :- The site selected should have rail and road transport facilities.

ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT :-

It requires less space as compared to other conventional power plants of same capacity.

It requires small amount of fuel hence there are no problem of fuel transportation and storage.

It is not affected by adverse weather conditions.

It is more reliable in operation.

It is well suited to meet large power demands.

These plants are non-polluting.

DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT :-

Its capital cost is high.

It needs trained manpower.

Its maintenance cost is high.

The cost of power generation is high.

Nuclear waste disposal is a big problem.

High degree of safety is needed for the persons working on these plants against nuclear radiations.

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