Ergonomic in Design of Display Member”

Introduction

Types of Display

i)visual displayed

ii) Auditory display

Objectives of Ergonomics

General Guidelines for Designing the Display Device

Ergonomics Design of Display instrument

Problems of Display Design

Advantages and Approached by ergonomics

Conclusion and References

Title: Ergonomic in Design of Display Member

Introduction

The word ergonomics is derived from two Greek words Ergon = work and nomos= natural law. Ergonomics means the natural law of work.

Display are device, through which , the06man ( user) can receive the information from the machine.

A good display device is one , which allows proper combination of speed , accuracy and sensitivity of display.

Display are necessary extension to man's senses and provide both , primary and supplementary information needed by operator in making decisions and in effecting control responses.

information presented by display can be considered as dynamic or static.

dynamic information continuously changes or it is subjected to change from time to time.

For example: traffic signal, charts , graph.

Display device can be mainly classified into two broad categories

1)Visual Displays

Depending upon the type of information provided by usual display, they can be further

classified into two subgroup

i) Qualitative Display

 Qualitative Display indicate only the condition or State without giving any values.

Qualitative Display or signal is used to indicate an on or off response such as valve open or closed , power on or off.

•For example: red , yellow and green light used as signal traffic, ON-OFF indicator of home appliances etc.

ii) Quantitative Display

Quantitative Display give numerical information about the equipment or machine , as required by the user.

•Information may be displayed as a value or number. It can also be displayed by pointer scale arrangements etc.

•For example: voltmeter, Ammeter, speedometer, watches, energy meters etc.

2 ) Auditory Display

As compared to visual display, auditory Display can make monitoring performance superior. Therefore , these device are suitable for warning devices.

•Following are some of the situation , in which , auditory Display are more suitable:

1. When message is simple or short
2. When the message call for immediate attention
3. When receiver moves from one place to another place
4. When continuously changing information of some type is presented.

Information required before starting Design of Display

•While designing the Display devices , following information must be analyzed and known.

1. What is the information to be transmitted? What is its propose of function?
2. What type of Display is to be used?
3. Nature of the visual environment, in which , information is to be transmitted.
4. Detailed design characteristics of the type of the display chosen.

Objectives of ergonomics

•To identify the basic cause related to human factor by which the efficiency of man machine is hampered.

•To provide better working condition so as to improve productivity of the system .

•To create adequate facilities to reduce or eliminated the stresses, fatigue and failure in the performance of man machine system.

•To provide comfort and make the job easy

•To match the requirement of the task with the capabilities of a man and hence eliminate the loss in output.

General Guidelines for Designing the Display Devices

• The degree of accuracy shown on the dial must be in accordance with the required accuracy. If a dial gives accuracy greater than the required makes reading more difficult and leads to reading error.
• The dial should give the correct and needed information to the operator while working on the machine. Superfluous information may cause error.
• As far as possible, sub-division should be in multiples of 1, 2 or 5, since other sub-divisions may raise difficulties in putting the correct information.
• figures should be attached to the large scale markings which may be after 1. 2 or 5 sub- divisions. These numerical figures should be tangential on a moving scale and upright on a fixed scale.
• The pointer must have a sharp arrow or tipped point to show the correct numerical value. It should neither cover the scale nor the numbers. The pointer should move in the same plane so that the parallax can be avoided.
• The sizes of letters and figures must be adjusted to the Expected distance between the eye and the information display. For this, the following formula may be used :
• Height of letters or figures in mm. = visual distance in mm/200

Ergonomic Design OF Display Instrument

While designing any product, a designer has to incorporate the principles of ergonomics, in additions to the technical and managerial features. The application of the ergonomic features mainly is associated with the sub-units or components or sub-products of the main products where the humans are directly connected with them. These sub-units or components (in some eases main products also) include the display devices and controlling devices. Thus the ergonomic design of display and controlling units will automatically ensure ergonomic design of entire product.

We shall now discuss about the design factors for display devices.

There are three main types of commercially produced display instruments :

1) Analogue Display system (Type-I) — Round dial with movable pointer.

2)Analogue Display system (Type-11) — Fixed pointer with movable value can be read directly.

Each of these has merits in certain situations. If the object displays figures, then digital display system is the most suitable provided that the required number is visible. In case, in a sequence of a process a change in value is to be observed, then moving pointer on a round dial is the better option. If a process has to be carried out directly by setting a control at a definite value (setting the steam value or setting the desired voltage or current), a movable pointer is useful. If such a setting is carried out slowly then movable dial may be preferred (figures 14.1(a), (b) and (c))

The effective utility of these display instruments could further be directed by distinctive colour , font, shape and size of numbers and letters, etc. matching the accuracy of display to the desired accuracy. Certain rules are recommended in order to have effective use of display on the basis of research carried out by various investigators. Researches indicate that the shape of the dial may influence reading accuracy. The frequency of error with very short reading times is shown in Figure 14.2. In such cases a digital display system may be preferred.

Problem of Display Design

Another way of typifying the problem of display design is to look at it from the perspective of the tasks that an individual will need to carry out in order to meet the demands of the system within which they are working. Easterby (1984) listed the tasks involved in working with displayed information as follows:

Detection:

Determining the presence of an object, target or symbol.

Discrimination:

Determining that differences exist; discriminating between target objects and non-target objects is determining differences on the basis of which identifications can be made.

Identification:

Attributing a name or meaning to some object target or signal. Discrimination and identification are often parallel processes, but in psychological terms, they make different demands of the presented information.

Recognition:

Determining whether objects in the display have been seen and perceived before. Identification often accompanies recognition.

Comprehension:

Understanding the meaning of a given display so that an associated consequent course of action is both apparent and possible. Comprehension involves recognition as a necessary but not sufficient condition. (Easterby, 1984, p. 21)

Advantages of Ergonomic Design

With the better Ergonomic design there would be

1. Higher output.
2. Improved productivity.
3. Minimum fatigue.
4. Greater ease of working.
5. Maximum satisfaction to worker.
6. Good product design.
7. Comfort and convenience.
8. Congenial atmosphere.

Approaches Adopted by Ergonomics

Better Product Design Approach :

Design and implement scientific experiments and other research methodology to study huivlan factors areas as they pertain to the operation of men, machines, products, weapons or any complex systems. This unit focuses on this approach.

Man-Machine System Approach : 

Evaluate existing or proposed man-machine systems and subsystems in terms of human physiological and psychological requirements so that optimum suitability and durability from human input standard is established. In the next unit,

i.e. Unit 15 of this block, we present the Man-Machine System Approach and its features.

Environment and Human Productivity Approach : Consult with professional prior to, during and after design and development of system to ensure optimum operation in terms of human capabilities, limitations and variables with reference to environmental effects. We shall throw some light on the aspects of this approach in Unit 16 of this block.

Conclusion

I hereby conclude that the project assigned to me for this semester was very creative and important topic of the syllabus which helped to gain more information about the topic . The “ Ergonomic in Design of Display Member” is very interested in Mechanical field and its used are world wide .

 References

1. Industrial Engineering and Technology Book ( Author is jhone Wiley and sons) Published by A Wiley interscience  publication
2. Industrial Engineering and Quality control ( Author is Vinod Thombre and Apeksha Patil) Nirali publication
3. 
   
4. https://www.nap.edu/read/5436/chapter/6

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